The fire alarm system is a useful device to check the unexpected fire or smoke in the environment.The fire alarm systems are divided into automatic and manual activation.The Automatic fire alarm system signals the unexpected fire and emergency to the people, and also makes the system to check the fire and smoke fumes.

The basic requirement of automatic fire alarm systems are: fire alarm control panel, primary power supply, initiating devices, backup power supplies, and notification appliances.The fire alarm control panel monitors and controls inputs and outputs.The primary and secondary power supplies provide energy supply to fire alarm systems.The initiating devices give input to the fire alarm in case of any unwanted fire event.The notification appliances get energy from the fire alarm system and notify people to evacuate from the buildings.The building safety interfaces is needed for the fire alarm systems to monitor and check the fire and smoke fumes distribution.

The activating devices react to all other devices associated with fire such as heat detector, flame detector, radiant energy, smoke detector, and water-flow detector.Cameras and computer algorithms are widely used today with the activating instruments to test and evaluate the effects of fire on other detection techniques.The notification appliances that are used commonly are audible or visible controls that contain pre-recorded safety measures and steps for the people to follow and move out safely.The fire alarm systems contain automatically activated speakers to signal the unwanted fire event.The residential fire alarm system uses the existing power supply, and the non-residential requires a separate, uninterrupted power supply.

The component of the fire alarm system is controlled by a fire alarm control panel.There are four types of control panel: conventional panel, multiplex panel, addressable panel, and coded panel.The earlier type of model is the coded panel, which is similar to conventional and the best-known example is the IBM 4201.The smaller buildings such as restaurant, schools, and apartments prefer conventional panels and the best example for this is Edwards 6500.Multiplex is also an earlier type of control panel that are used in complex and in large buildings, and good example for this panel is Simplex 2120.The very advanced type of control panel is the addressable panel, and Simplex 4100U is one of the good examples.Addressable gives single point detection with high degree of programming functionality to the system.